Network Explorer

Bitcoin

BTC · UTXO

An open proof-of-work blockchain built around UTXOs, blocks and mining.

Open mempool.space

Latest from the chain

Recent blocks, validated ledgers and current fees, read from public nodes. Updates on its own while this page is open.

Delayed via mempool.space Updated 1 h 15 min ago
Latest block
#975,45000000000…4170f8
Mined
2 h 22 min agoavg 11.6 min per block, last 5
Transactions
1,733avg 3,662 per block, last 6
Next-block fee
6 sat/vBwithin 1 h 4 sat/vB · economy 2 sat/vB
Throughput4.4 tx/sover the last 20 blocks (223 min)
Median fee per block · last 15now 2 sat/vB
Median fee per block over the last 15 blocks: from 3.1 to 2 sat/vB, lowest 0.13, highest 4.2.
Mempool75,642 txs36 vMB waiting to be mined
Waiting to be minedProjected next blocks, by fee rate · from mempool.space
Next block~5 sat/vB3.9–107 sat/vB3,801 txs
+2 blocks~0.12 sat/vB0.12–0.12 sat/vB7,962 txs
+3 blocks~0.12 sat/vB0.1–0.12 sat/vB41,065 txs
  1. #975,45000000000…4170f8MARA Pool1,733 transactions2 h 22 min ago
  2. #975,44900000000…8c7336AntPool3,321 transactions2 h 25 min ago
  3. #975,44800000000…2b9286ViaBTC3,610 transactions2 h 32 min ago
  4. #975,44700000000…5be9b7Braiins Pool4,260 transactions3 h 10 min ago
  5. #975,44600000000…0f6b7dMARA Pool6,278 transactions3 h 17 min ago
  6. #975,44500000000…32af50Foundry USA2,768 transactions3 h 20 min ago

Select any height to see its details here. Read-only data from public nodes, shared by all visitors and cached for a few seconds. Full history on mempool.space.

Over time

Hourly averages this site collects from public nodes while it runs, so the chart grows longer every day.

4.71 sat/vBFee · average 1.96 sat/vB · low 1 sat/vB · high 4.71 sat/vB
Fee on BTC from 10 Nov, 15:00 to 11 Nov, 15:00 UTC: average 1.96 sat/vB, low 1 sat/vB, high 4.71 sat/vB.

What will it cost?

Estimate a transaction fee from the network's current rates. Real fees depend on your wallet and the exact transaction.

846 sat≈ $0.630.00000846 BTC · 141 vB × 6 sat/vB

Sizes are typical for SegWit wallets. More inputs make a transaction bigger and more expensive.

Network profile

Consensus, record structure and settlement. Switch networks from the bar above.

BitcoinProof of work · ~10 minutes
BTC

How it operates

Bitcoin transactions spend existing unspent transaction outputs and create new outputs. Miners organize confirmed transactions into blocks linked through proof of work.

Data model
UTXO
Native unit
BTC
Network fee
Satoshis per virtual byte (sat/vB)
Address format
Common prefixes: bc1, 1 and 3
Programmability
Bitcoin Script (deliberately limited)
Supply
Capped at 21 million BTC
Unit converter1 BTC = 100,000,000 sat

What a record contains

Core protocol fields describe the contents, ordering and execution of a transaction.

BTC transaction6 fields
  1. Inputs (vin)Previous outputs being spent, each referenced by txid and output index.
  2. Outputs (vout)New amounts, each locked to a script or address.
  3. Transaction IDDouble SHA-256 of the transaction without witness data.
  4. Virtual sizeWeight ÷ 4; fee rates are quoted per virtual byte.
  5. ConfirmationsBlocks from the one containing the transaction up to the chain tip.
  6. WitnessSignatures and scripts for SegWit inputs, kept outside the txid calculation.
Confirmation & settlement

Each block built on top of a transaction’s block adds another confirmation; this is probabilistic settlement rather than immediate finality.

Networks, compared

The same questions, answered for each network. Select a column to open its profile.

Comparison of XRP, TRX, ETH, BTC
Property
ConsensusXRPL Consensus ProtocolDelegated proof of stakeProof of stakeProof of work
Block / ledger interval~3–5 seconds~3 seconds12-second slots~10 minutes
Typical pace≈15 per minute≈20 per minute≈5 per minute≈6 per hour
Data modelAccount-based ledgerAccount-based blockchainAccount / EVMUTXO
Network feeDrops (1 XRP = 1,000,000 drops)Bandwidth / energy; fee in SUNGas × price (gwei); paid in ETHSatoshis per virtual byte (sat/vB)
SettlementValidated ledgerBlock solidificationEpoch-based finalityBlock confirmations
Typical finality~3–5 s (one validated ledger)~1 min (solidified after 19 blocks)~13 min (two epochs)~60 min (6 confirmations, by convention)
ProgrammabilityBuilt-in transaction types (payments, DEX, AMM, escrow)TVM smart contracts (EVM-compatible)EVM smart contractsBitcoin Script (deliberately limited)
Supply100 billion created at launch; fees are destroyedNo fixed cap; fees paid in TRX are burnedNo fixed cap; base fees are burnedCapped at 21 million BTC

Different networks, different rules

Every protocol has its own approach to ordering transactions and defining settlement.

Consensus

Validators or miners determine which data becomes part of the agreed chain or ledger.

On XRP LedgerXRPL Consensus Protocol

On TRONDelegated proof of stake

On EthereumProof of stake

On BitcoinProof of work

Transaction structure

Inputs, outputs, accounts, nonces, signatures and execution resources vary by network.

On XRP LedgerAccount-based ledger

On TRONAccount-based blockchain

On EthereumAccount / EVM

On BitcoinUTXO

Settlement

Block inclusion, validations and finality represent different degrees of confidence.

On XRP LedgerValidated ledger

On TRONBlock solidification

On EthereumEpoch-based finality

On BitcoinBlock confirmations

Read the data

Common concepts you encounter while exploring blockchain records.

9 terms · answers follow the selected network

A canonical unit containing transactions or the resulting accepted state, depending on protocol.

On XRP Ledger, look forLedger index

On TRON, look forBlock number

On Ethereum, look forBlock number

On Bitcoin, look forBlock height

An identifier derived from transaction data that can be used to find a record.

On XRP Ledger, a hash is64 hexadecimal characters

On TRON, a hash is64 hexadecimal characters

On Ethereum, a hash is0x followed by 64 hexadecimal characters

On Bitcoin, a hash is64 hexadecimal characters (txid)

The public identifier that receives funds or controls an account; its format is specific to each network.

On XRP LedgerClassic addresses generally begin with r

On TRONBase58 addresses generally begin with T

On Ethereum20-byte addresses generally written as 0x…

On BitcoinCommon prefixes: bc1, 1 and 3

The amount charged for processing, computation or block space; calculation differs by protocol.

On XRP LedgerDrops (1 XRP = 1,000,000 drops)

On TRONBandwidth / energy; fee in SUN

On EthereumGas × price (gwei); paid in ETH

On BitcoinSatoshis per virtual byte (sat/vB)

Amounts are recorded as whole numbers of a base unit; the familiar coin amount is a decimal view of it.

On XRP Ledger1 XRP = 1,000,000 drops

On TRON1 TRX = 1,000,000 SUN

On Ethereum1 ETH = 10⁹ Gwei = 10¹⁸ Wei

On Bitcoin1 BTC = 100,000,000 sat

How a network keeps a signed transaction from being applied twice or out of order.

On XRP LedgerAccount Sequence (or Ticket)

On TRONReference block + expiration

On EthereumAccount nonce

On BitcoinEach output is spent once

A signed transaction that nodes have received but not yet included in a block or validated ledger.

On XRP Ledger, it waits in theOpen ledger and transaction queue

On TRON, it waits in thePending pool on each node

On Ethereum, it waits in thePublic mempool (txpool)

On Bitcoin, it waits in theMempool

Evidence of inclusion or validation; stronger settlement conditions differ between networks.

On XRP LedgerValidated ledger

On TRONBlock solidification

On EthereumEpoch-based finality

On BitcoinBlock confirmations

The point after which a recorded transaction is treated as permanent; how it is reached, and how long it takes, depends on the protocol.

On XRP Ledger, typically~3–5 s (one validated ledger)

On TRON, typically~1 min (solidified after 19 blocks)

On Ethereum, typically~13 min (two epochs)

On Bitcoin, typically~60 min (6 confirmations, by convention)